Mass Destruction of Forested Watersheds, Old Growth & Rainforests Means Loss of Four Pillars of Life, Community Resilience and the Greatest Tool for Climate Regulation
by Kootenay Watershed Protectors
September 10th, 2019PRESS RELEASE - EXPANDED TO ARTICLE & RESOURCE FOR WATERSHED COMMUNITIES ACROSS BC
Mass Destruction of Forested Watersheds - Is Putting Life At Risk
Sep 10,2019Pursuing justice for the protection of communities, life and life support systems and the case of Argenta Johnson's Landing Watershed slated for clear-cut and what locals are doing about it.
In this urgent time of climate emergency, ecological crisis, mass species extinction, loss of biodiversity, community resilience, food and water security; and loss of the basis for a renewable forestry economy … we look to deforestation and the alarming loss of critical forested watersheds as a driving force to these crisis we find ourselves in.
We hope this resource will help to provide some context and resources (articles, science, petitions, proposals and contacts to take action) useful for the protection of: forested watersheds; old growth, rainforest and head-water regions; biodiversity and species at risk; people and communities; and a future worth living.
Includes:
- press release expanded to an article about efforts to save Argenta/Johnson’s Landing Watershed and links to two proposals 1) Mt Willet Wilderness Park Inclusion - save the Argenta Johnson’s landing Region & Caribou Habitat 2) Purcell Wildness Conservancy & Park Proposal - Save the Caribou, and a greater area that includes the inland temperate rain forest and Argenta/ JL area with the rain forest region.
Addendum:
- link to list of government & industry contacts to write, call and lobby for changes.
- articles about concerns, and actions taken to protect, watersheds throughout BC
- links to science useful for the protection of all forested watersheds, and critical old growth, rainforest and head water regions.
PRESS RELEASE - EXPANDED TO ARTICLE
Mass Destruction of Forested Watersheds,
Old Growth & Rainforests ...
...Means Loss of Four Pillars of Life, Community Resilience
and the Greatest Tool for Climate Regulation
Efforts continue to protect the Argenta/Johnsons Landing forested watershed, situated in the West Kootenays of BC, along with the communities, Caribou, biodiversity, water, life support systems and resources within it. "If logging goes ahead, it would have devastating impacts locally and globally, in the short and long term," said Brock Snyder, a local activist working to protect the area, adding that “yet another in a long line of forested watersheds slated for destruction in BC, is putting life at risk.”
A protest camp, called Camp Caribou, was set up by Brock Snyder and Mick Grabowski in Mid-August 2019 on the Salisbury Forest Service Road on Argenta/Johnsons Landing "Face" to protest the proposed logging. Cooper Creek Cedar (CCC), the timber licensee, is planning six clear-cut 'blocks' totalling 35,000m3 – 40,000m3 on the "Face" which abuts the Purcell Wilderness Conservancy and 'Park.'
The local region, including the "Face," represents a small but critical area needed for social, economic, ecological and climate regulation, for food and water sustainability, for Caribou that are near extinction, and for so many species that will be at risk if the forest is harvested. 85% of locals, along with hundreds of others who have signed petitions, are asking for this rich area to be included in the Park and to help save the Caribou from extinction. Premier Horgan promised to put in place a BC Species at Risk legislation during his campaign.
"The mountainside has long-established ecosystems and biodiversity and lies within an old-growth, inland temperate rainforest. and headwater regions, with a sensitive watershed that includes limestone karst formations, creeks, the Kootenay Lake below and important fisheries," shared Mona Southron, a forested watershed protector. Licensee, CCC, is in the process of applying for their cutting permit and are currently in the timber cruising stage and planning forest road amendments.
Local organizer of Camp Caribou, Brock Snyder shared, "I just felt deep inside my heart that I needed to stand up for my land, my home, the voiceless creatures, the earth as a whole, and the wildlife and living systems that provide us with everything we truly need and give up everything I have to make a change towards a more sustainable way of living on this planet. I want to be conscious about every step I take, and how that affects everything else," he said with heavy emotion.
Locals and watershed protectors shared that clear-cutting the mountainside in this area poses severe risks and losses to local people, communities, ecosystems, wildlife, endangered Caribou, their water and water systems, homes, and to the only road to the community, due to terrain instability that in the past resulted in a landslide that killed four people in 2012. Also, the road leading to the community is a single lane in areas, and anyone traveling the road, including logging truck drivers, could be at risk.
On August 19th, Camp Caribou was served with a Notice of Application for an Injunction, by the licensee, CCC, to have the camp removed. A court hearing was set for August 20th, giving Camp Caribou 16 hours notice to prepare their case. The next day in court, CCC's lawyer said they had "urgent reasons" they needed to move along quickly, or they may not be able to "harvest their maximum allowable cut by the end of 2020 and suffer irreparable harm." The judge decided that a bit more time could be given for dependents to prepare a defence, so three more days were granted. "It was very challenging to prepare and submit documents in that short time for the basis of the 'necessity to protect' the area, lives and all that is at stake," said Snyder.
In legal terms this is called the ‘defence of necessity’. Here is a link that best describes the basis for this: “6 Things You Must Prove For A Necessity Legal Defense To Work” https://aizmanlaw.com/investigation-and-defenses/necessity/.
When Justice Joel Groves, of the Supreme Court of BC, arrived, without being prepared due to the lack of legal documents needed in front of him, he took a short break to see if he could obtain materials and returned with some, but not all, of the documents that had been “submitted” said CCC’s lawyer. Then Groves asked for background and context and allowed for both sides to present their case. Justice Groves cut defendants (Camp Caribou) short from providing the full scope of their evidence and decided to grant an injunction to the th the plaintiff, licensee Cooper Creek Cedar. He ruled that free access to the road that leads to an area the company intends to log, was their right.
To come to this ruling, Justice Groves followed an accepted three-part legal test of which the second part was whether the protest blockade would cause irreparable harm to Cooper Creek Cedar. The third part of the test, Groves said, was "the balance of convenience between the two parties."
He ruled that "the company would be more inconvenienced by his not granting the injunction, than the defendants would be inconvenienced by granting it," Snyder said. Snyder and other defendants had submitted that if the area were clear-cut, then damages, losses, costs and irreparable harm related to impacts to biodiversity, water, wildlife habitat, ecosystem complexity, terrain stability, road safety, flood control, climate regulation, and to local, community, and global well-being.
"That's why we are standing on the road," Snyder said. "It's a last line of defense. We are getting in the way of their money," he added.
Judge Groves sided with the licensee, stating that the more significant environmental issues presented by the defendants, while important, were not relevant to the narrower focus of the injunction hearing, and went on to say that the environmental concerns of the group are "political," and should be taken up with elected representatives, beginning with the "local MLA." He also stated that "all the land is either owned or entirely regulated by the Government," reported Southron, wondering what this statement implied, and what that means in term of aboriginal lands and rights.
Many supporters for the protection of the area later expressed their shock that the court did not even consider the potential risks to local people and communities such as run-off, slides and avalanches and destruction of their water and water systems, after clear-cutting the mountain-side. The defendants “were seriously disappointed about the lack of justice.” “And why was more time granted to get all the supporting evidence together if it was not going to be considered in the first place?” said Southron.
Camp Caribou defendants and watershed protectors urge people to consider that "intact forested watersheds, especially in head-water regions, old-growth and rain forest regions, create local micro climates which contribute to local and global climate regulation, and have complex living systems needed for local and global resiliency, especially in this time of ….climate emergency, ecological crisis, mass extinction of species, loss of biodiversity, habitat, ecosystems and community resilience, and increasing pollution.
They go on to say, "It is not just trees being harvested, but whole forests. When we remove a whole forested area, WE LOSE THE OPPORTUNITY TO capture, store, filter, and circulate CLEAN WATER AND AIR, AND TO STORE CARBON AND REGULATE CLIMATE, all of which is critical to global safety, stability and human survival. We also lose the necessary habitat, biodiversity and food for life. SO WE ARE LOSING CLEAN AIR, FOOD, WATER AND HABITAT, WHICH ARE THE FOUR PILLARS OF LIFE.
The natural services and resources provided by forested watersheds every day, year after year, creates an enormous amount of benefits and opportunities socially and economically. The scientific research on the valuation of forest and watershed ecosystem services and resulting natural resources is so high and extensive that progressive governments, communities, land managers, economists, and climate scientists are working to transition to economies and systems, necessary to protect them. It is necessary to preserve the means for protecting life and for creating resilient communities, economies, and societies, and to escape the wrath of the breakdown and loss of the living systems needed to regulate and balance life on earth. (see supporting scientific papers below)
“Clear-cutting forests is the practice of harvesting life, resources and the systems of life. And this is natural resource theft. This is causing ‘irreparable harm’ of epic proportions, and we must stop using this destructive practice. The high, long term values of forested watersheds with their life regulating systems and critical resources, that are needed to sustain life and renewable economies on earth, Far surpasses timber values, short term profits and unsustainable jobs for the few, especially since that comes at the expense of long term jobs, safety, well-being and resilience, for all people and wildlife," urges Southron.
Camp caribou wants to remind people that within the constitution, in the Charter of Rights and Freedoms, we have legal rights. Within our Legal Right in Section 7, is our right to “life, liberty and personal security” and “it also requires that governments respect the basic principles of justice whenever they intrude on those rights.” (Source: https://www.canada.ca/en/canadian-heritage/services/how-rights-protected/guide-canadian-charter-rights-freedoms.html). “Clear-cutting forested watersheds puts our life and life support systems at risk, which is a violation of our right to life and security.
In addition all Canadian citizens have the “responsibility of protecting the heritage and environment–as a citizen, it is part of your duty to preserve Canada’s natural, cultural, and architectural heritage for future generations to enjoy.” (Source: https://livelearn.ca/article/about-canada/canadian-citizenship-your-rights-and-responsibilities-as-a-citizen/). Snyder and Southron shared that “so many people in BC are are taking this responsibility seriously , and are working hard to protect the systems of life, and so must our government and our industries.”
Natural Resource Canada, in a section about “Canada's Forest Laws" states that “those laws, regulations and policies differ from one jurisdiction to another but they are all “based on sustainable forest management principles. developed in consultation with the public, industries, and other interested parties; and grounded in scientific research and analysis.”
(Source: https://www.nrcan.gc.ca/our-natural-resources/forests-forestry/sustainable-forest-management/canadas-forest-laws/17497)
“There is nothing sustainable about mass clear-cutting practices, especially in watersheds, old-growth and rainforests that is causing aforementioned losses, damages, immeasurable costs, foregone opportunities, and loss of life. Forestry practices and the process for granting logging permits is not science based, or grounded is research and analysis, nor is there anything meaningful about public consultation that results in rubber stamping permits regardless of the risks and damages that are well known to be a fact, or that simply are not looked into at all," shared the watershed protectors.
“The reality is that governments are supporting and enabling industry and elites to destroy the basis for healthy living, renewable value-added economies, livelihoods for the long term and a future for our children, and they are certainly not protecting anything “for future generations to enjoy” as is demanded of every Citizen in Canada, by our own Canadian Government,” says Southron and goes on to say, “most of the regulations within various ACTS simply exempt the forest industry from most all responsibility to protect the environment and natural resources simply by holding a permit under the Forest and Range Practices Act. And these Acts to do not even mention the need to protect people and communities. This must change.”
“And why is industry exempt from having to obtain liability insurance for all the known and potential damages? I guess that is because they would not be able to stay in business due to the massive costs and damages caused by destructive practices. So this is just another form of subsidy given to corrupt and damaging industries that Canadian tax-payers are being forced to foot the bill for and future generations will pay the ultimate price for.
Snyder and all watershed protectors request that "all people unite to protect this, and all forested watersheds, and spare the people, wildlife and future generations the severe impacts that will result from losing any more of them."
LIST OF CONTACTS TO CALL, WRITE. LOBBY AND NETWORK FOR CHANGES
to call, write, and lobby Government & Industry or contact Media and to discuss challenges and solutions to help save all forested watersheds, free natural water, and old growth, rainforest and head water regions and to shift to forestry practices, regulations economies that protect living systems and resources. https://www.facebook.com/mona.southron/posts/10216792347135437
Please go to The Willet Wilderness Park (link below) to learn more And Sign The Petition to help save the Argent/Johnson’s Landing forested watershed life support systems and resources and to protect the people, wildlife (CARIBOU), water, homes and communities at risk. http://www.willetwildernessforever.ca/the-proposal/
Please Visit Valhalla Wilderness Society learn more and sign the petition for the “Selkirk Mountain Caribou Park Proposal” to help save the Caribou and the WHOLE Inland Temperate Rain Forest REGION. https://www.vws.org/projects/selkirk-mountain-caribou-park-proposal/
Ancient Forest Alliance – What Will it Take to Save BC Old Growth Forests
https://www.youtube.com/user/BCAncientForest/ TAKE ACTION – SIGN PETITION
The Goals Of Camp Carbiou Are:
1) to strengthen their case to appeal the injunction in September
2) lobby Doug Donaldson, George Heyman and Premier HOrgan to have the Argenta/JL area included in the Park and save critical habitat for Caribou and all wildlife in the area, and lobby Premire Horgan for BC Species at Risk Legislation he proomised during his campaign.
3) as an alternative, for Government to grant at least a 2-year moratorium on logging in the Argenta/Jl area to complete further third party studies.
4) To grow more capacity, and unite wtih all watershed organizations and communities, to stop all logging in all Kootenay watersheds.
See the Addendum with supporting information and summary of contents of the addendum in the following pages.
ADDENDUM
Addendum includes:
1) Link to Mt. Willet Wilderness Park Inclusion Proposal - learn more and sign. Link to Valhalla Wildness Purcell Wilderness Caribou Park Proposal – learn and sign
2) Background info (articles and videos) about actions taken in an effort to protect watersheds by watershed protectors in communities throughout the Kootenays and BC
3) Link to important Science related to the value and need to protect watersheds, forested watersheds and the biodiversity, ecosystems, service and resources within them
4) LIST OF CONTACTS TO CALL, WRITE. LOBBY AND NETWORK FOR CHANGES that need to be made, and to demand that government uphold and protect our most critical rights as citizens - to life, liberty and security: https://www.facebook.com/mona.southron/posts/10216792347135437
PRESS RELEASE/ARTICLE/RESOURCE
Protecting Argenta/ Johnsons Landing
Argenta / Johnsons Landing's "Mt. Willet Wilderness Park Inclusion Proposal
http://www.willetwildernessforever.ca/the-proposal/
ARTICLE ABOUT: The Park and the Proposal
http://www.willetwildernessforever.ca/the-purcells/
Background
Below are articles/reporting about actions taken by various watershed protectors and community memebers. Please keep in mind that not all the facts in these articles were reported factually, such as many incorrect facts reported in the Nelson Star due to lack of fact checking.
Valley Voice article – regarding the first court appearance
http://www.valleyvoice.ca/_PDF_2016/ValleyVoice190829web.pdf
Nelson Star Article – regarding the 2nd court appearance
https://www.nelsonstar.com/news/nelson-court-grants-injunction-to-logging-company/?fb_comment_id=fbc_2324405961004095_2327849013993123_2327849013993123
-Article After Final Hearing on July 25th, 2019
Nelson Daily Article
https://thenelsondaily.com/news/water-activist-escapes-wrath-courts?fbclid=IwAR0Xn6HkbGa55c0IMwycbXR5s9qHRLis
AoXEYBrTi_p4aOM7Y9CxL66wQCo#.XTxcAmnH_kg.facebook
-Article of Our Kootenay Water Struggle with Brief mention
of our arrests at Balfour Watershed
The Narwhal
https://thenarwhal.ca/you-cant-drink-money-kootenay-communities-fight-logging-protect-drinking-water/?fbclid=IwAR1zWz1hKlr0DDi4noznNHelpjzTDQ2yifBTX1q2Fo_mSfW8dzZjaVQlxic
-Article of Arrest at Balfour Watershed on June 21, 2019
Valley Voice http://valleyvoice.ca/valley-voice-online/
July 4th, 2019 edition
http://www.valleyvoice.ca/_PDF_2016/ValleyVoice190704web.pdf
June 20th, 2019 edition (pg 6 “Camp set up to oppose Balfour Watershed Logging”)
http://www.valleyvoice.ca/_PDF_2016/ValleyVoice190620web.pdf
Nelson Daily
https://thenelsondaily.com/news/local-water-activist-arrested-contempt-near-balfour
-Background of the Balfour/Laird Creek Watershed Battle against Cooper Creek Cedar
Nelson Star
https://www.nelsonstar.com/opinion/rights-of-logging-companies-and-water-users-are-unbalanced/
https://www.nelsonstar.com/news/rdck-to-write-to-forest-minister-about-laird-creek-logging/
Valley Voice
October 18, 2018 (Logging Protestors Show up in Balfour pg 23)
http://www.valleyvoice.ca/_PDF_2016/ValleyVoice181018web.pdf
November 1st, 2018 (Liard Creek Watershed Logging pg 5)
http://www.valleyvoice.ca/_PDF_2016/ValleyVoice181101web.pdf
November 15th, 2018 (Watershed water users call out Ministry of Forests pg 3 paragragh 2)
http://www.valleyvoice.ca/_PDF_2016/ValleyVoice181101web.pdf
November 29th, 2018 (Water is Life Rally highlights watershed logging issues)
http://www.valleyvoice.ca/_PDF_2016/ValleyVoice181129web.pdf
-Article from Cooper Creek Cedar’s previous attempt to have protesters arrested and charged with “Intimidation” without an injunction. (Note: they were never "charged" with intimidation so there were never any charges "to drop")
Global News
https://globalnews.ca/news/5016127/three-arrested-bc-logging-site/?fbclid=IwAR3o4Jps-DYM0Tv7pNhsN7GEQBKPLmmsg5a-NqqhFHgvfOvBfnR_G-Glkwc
Nelson Daily
https://thenelsondaily.com/news/rcmp-arrest-three-individuals-relation-logging-demonstration-near-meadow-creek
Valley Voice
March 14th, 2019 (Water is Life protestors working towards changes in forestry practices pg3)
http://www.valleyvoice.ca/_PDF_2016/ValleyVoice181129web.pdf
April 11th, 2019 (Changes needed to forestry legislation pg 5, paragraph 4)
http://www.valleyvoice.ca/_PDF_2016/ValleyVoice190411web.pdf
Links to videos of our events and our interview with Watershed Sentinel
Water Is Life Event, Nelson, BC
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YW2K5Xanl3A&t=327s
Balfour Water Crisis video, Balfour, BC
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BRjij-7jXyI&fbclid=IwAR2JZuh9kFoJtzo-H6Behf-fuPJekVRW-vRWoNdE_UGE2oe4ty5ODILS4xY&app=desktop
Watershed Sentinel
https://watershedsentinel.ca/articles/and-the-cut-goes-on/
Glade Watershed
‘You Can’t Drink Money’: BC Communities Fight Logging to Protect Drinking Water
Residents fear nearby logging could ruin watersheds and bring landslides, and say the government isn’t doing enough.
By Sarah Cox 25 Jul 2019 | The Narwhal
https://thetyee.ca/News/2019/07/25/Glade-Residents-Fight-Logging-Protect-Water/
Ymir Watershed
"West Kootenay loggers defend watershed harvesting
RDCK board grilled representative Ken Kalesnikoff on Thursday"
Will JohnsonSep. 25, 2017
Significant quote:
"The vast majority of the work being done by the member mills of ILMA is within Kootenay watersheds, partly because they’re running out of other areas to harvest from, so the financial stakes for his business are significant."
https://www.crestonvalleyadvance.ca/news/west-kootenay-loggers-defend-watershed-harvesting/
Concerns over logging in Ymir watershed sent to Premier
https://www.mykootenaynow.com/32647/concerns-over-logging-in-ymir-watershed-sent-to-premier/
https://rdck.ca/EN/main/services/water/rdck-water-systems/ymir-water-system.html
Grand Forks Watershed
‘We have been ill-prepared’: B.C. offers flooded Grand Forks businesses disaster relief six months in
https://thenarwhal.ca/we-have-been-ill-prepared-b-c-offers-flooded-grand-forks-businesses-disaster-relief-six-months-in/
ARTICLES RELATED TO EFFORTS MADE BY OTHER
COMMUNITIES AND WATERSHED PROTECTORS
WORKING TO PROTECT THEM FROM CLEAR-CUT LOGGING
"Concern over watersheds attracts large crowd to North Shore Rally"
( Redfish, Liard Creek/Balfour Face, Coffee/Fletcher/Qeens, Ymir, Blewett, Glade, 49 Creek, Sandy Creek, Cottonwood Creek, Queens Creek, Bird Creek, Rossland, Hamill Creek, Ainsworth, Healy Creek/Trout Lake, Argenta-Johnsons Landing Face)
by Nelson Daily Staff on Sunday November 04 2018
https://thenelsondaily.com/news/concern-over-watersheds-attracts-large-crowd-north-shore-rally
And the Cut Goes On- Logging in West Kootenay watersheds continues unabated
Gavin MacRae, November 21, 2018
https://watershedsentinel.ca/articles/and-the-cut-goes-on/
Big clear-cuts, big problems: Private land logging in the Kootenays
Posted on Friday, April 19, 2019 By Eddie Petryshen
Posted in: Wildsight
https://wildsight.ca/blog/2019/04/19/big-clear-cuts-big-problems-private-logging-in-the-kootenay-region/
Ken Wu: What will it take to save B.C.’s old-growth forests?
Opinion: The unique features of old-growth forests take centuries to develop — in a province where the forests are re-logged every 60 years on the Coast. KEN WU Updated: September 13, 2019
https://vancouversun.com/opinion/op-ed/ken-wu-what-will-it-take-to-save-b-c-s-old-growth-forests?fbclid=IwAR3LigqABNEHYwHD7y8kzQft84_saM4mPbEFXem8zPCmZ-Jvxam52RKLfDw
PEACHLAND WATERSHED
****Video: Legal Logging Moratorium History and Government Secrets in the Peachland Community Watershed. Heads up- the process used to protect watersheds and then the "tricky" that brought it down and what this clever man is doing about it.****
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-ntW3rZ4f08
Canada’s forgotten rainforest
Less than one-third of the world’s primary forests are still intact. Deep in the interior of British Columbia, a temperate rainforest that holds vast stores of carbon and is home to endangered caribou is being clear-cut as fast as the Amazon
https://thenarwhal.ca/canadas-forgotten-rainforest/
Ancient Forest Alliance – see video - What Will it Take to Save BC Old Growth Forests
https://www.youtube.com/user/BCAncientForest/
TAKE ACTION – SIGN PETITION
RELATED SCIENCE
CANADA'S CHANGING CLIMATE REPORT APRIL 2019
This report is about how and why Canada’s climate has changed and what changes are projected for the future. Led by Environment and Climate Change Canada, it is the first report to be released as part of Canada in a Changing Climate: Advancing our Knowledge for Action.
https://changingclimate.ca/CCCR2019?fbclid=IwAR2GIR8UzQbtrS72bENgERTI8ip03lNMTiaqfUaAc0m5_1GQpMeNBhVgU5s
CLIMATE CHANGE AND LAND
An IPCC special report on climate change, desertification, land degradation, sustainable land management, food security, and greenhouse gas fluxes in terrestrial ecosystems….there is real potential here through more sustainable land use, reducing over-consumption and waste of food,
ELIMINATING THE CLEARING AND BURNING OF FORESTS, preventing over-harvesting of fuelwood, and reducing greenhouse gas emissions, thus helping to address land related climate change issues,” he said.
https://www.ipcc.ch/report/srccl/
UN CLIMATE REPORTS
Climate Action Summit 2019
https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/reports.shtml
TREES, FORESTS AND WATER: COOL INSIGHTS FOR A HOT WORLD.
Global Environmental Change. Volume 43, March 2017, Pages 51-61.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959378017300134
THE BEST TECHNOLOGY FOR FIGHTING CLIMATE CHANGE ISN'T A TECHNOLOGY: IT'S FORESTS
Forests are the most powerful and efficient carbon-capture system on the planet
byHan de Groot. March 27, 2019. Scientific American
https://www.commondreams.org/views/2019/03/27/best-technology-fighting-climate-change-isnt-technology-its-forests?utm_campaign=shareaholic&utm_medium=facebook&utm_source=socialnetwork&fbclid=IwAR0BoJ8FdMNpPL7zrh_506CEYLSWpe90jn1Haa9u5kWY14UdxSjGPR1_X10
FOREST ADAPTATION RESOURCES: CLIMATE CHANGE TOOLS AND APPROACHES FOR LAND MANAGERS
https://forestadaptation.org/adapt/forest-adaptation-resources
THE ADAPTATION WORKBOOK - [Managing and Adapting to Climate Change and reducing human-induced impacts to life support systems, by managing water, water cycles, biodiversity and forested watersheds]. Link to section on Forested Watersheds:
https://adaptationworkbook.org/niacs-strategies/forested_watershed
“1807 SPECIES AT RISK IN BC”
https://thenarwhal.ca/b-c-has-a-whopping-1807-species-at-risk-of-extinction-but-no-rules-to-protect-them/?fbclid=IwAR0dj5dyAae15iG9rgQnjqQgaWF1R_qHa8Az_34mCwvz2EBSskGAOlUHLnk-
“EARTH'S SIXTH MASS EXTINCTION EVENT UNDER WAY, SCIENTISTS WARN”
https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2017/jul/10/earths-sixth-mass-extinction-event-already-underway-scientists-warn
DAVID SUZUKI: CONNECTING THE DOTS BETWEEN THE CLIMATE AND BIODIVERSITY CRISES
by David Suzuki on September 10th, 2019
"Although there are different ways to mend and mitigate the two crises, the root causes—avoiding our duties to repair what we have fractured, neglecting to set limits to human activities, stalling direly needed actions—are the same, as are the broad solutions: recognizing our impacts on the planet, taking responsibility for them, and coming together to take immediate, meaningful action.”
https://www.straight.com/news/1300296/david-suzuki-connecting-dots-between-climate-and-biodiversity-crises
THE ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL ASPECTS OF BIODIVERSITY
Benefits and Costs of Biodiversity in Ireland
https://www.cbd.int/doc/case-studies/inc/cs-inc-ireland-en.pdf
THE ECONOMICS OF ECOSYSTEMS AND BIODIVERSITY -- TEEB
Helmholtz Association Mary, 29th 2008
https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2008-05/haog-teo052908.php
“UN DECLARES DECADE OF ECOSYSTEM RESTORATION”
Friday, March 1, 2019 Society for Ecological Restoration
https://www.ser.org/news/440363/UN-Declares-Decade-of-Ecosystem-Restoration.htm
“PUTTING A VALUE ON THE ECOSYSTEM SERVICES PROVIDED BY FORESTS IN CANADA: Case Studies on Natural Capital and Conservation”
http://www.natureconservancy.ca/assets/documents/nat/Natural-Capital_2017_draft.pdf
“ECONOMIC VALUATION OF WATERSHED ECOSYSTEM SERVICES”
Simon Fraser University -Water Research Group
https://www.sfu.ca/rem/water/research/watershed-ecosystem.html
COLUMBIA FOREST REGION. NATURAL CAPITAL CASE STUDY: MIDGELEY, BRITISH COLUMBIA
http://www.natureconservancy.ca/assets/documents/nat/Natural-Capital_2017_draft.pdf
“THE ROLE OF FORESTS IN WATER HEALTH. NATURAL RESOURCES CANADA”
(forests are an integral part of the water cycle)
https://www.nrcan.gc.ca/forests/canada/conservation-protection/13207
“WORKING FORESTS: HOW LAND PROTECTION CAN SAVE AND EVEN MAKE MONEY”
https://www.wri.org/blog/2011/03/working-forests-how-land-protection-can-save-and-even-make-money
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