Venezuelan Embassy: “Outrageous” U.S. Behavior vs “People Power”
by Alfred de Zayas - Institute for Public Accuracy
May 16, 2019
Four activists from the Embassy Protection Collective remain at the Venezuelan embassy despite a cut-off of electricity and water and the government prohibiting people, including journalists from entering.
Jesse Jackson appeared at the embassy Wednesday afternoon, facilitating a rare delivery of food and water, see interview and video.
He said today:
When on 4 November 1979 Iranian students and militants occupied the U.S. embassy, the U.S. promptly brought a case before the International Court of Justice in The Hague, invoking the Optional Protocol to the Vienna Convention, which refers disputes on its application to the World Court.
The U.S. also requested the indication of provisional measures of protection, which the Court granted, holding that there was no more fundamental prerequisite for relations between States than the inviolability of diplomatic premises, and demanding the immediate restoration to the United States of the embassy premises.
In its decision on the merits of the case, the Court, in its Judgment of 24 May 1980, found that Iran had violated and was still violating obligations owed by it to the United States, that the violation of these obligations engaged Iranian responsibility, and that Iran was bound to make reparation for the injury caused to the United States.
Alfred de Zayas was the first UN rapporteur (independent expert) to visit and report from Venezuela in 21 years.
He said today:
“International law applies to all States, even if some States violate the norms with impunity. Against the arrogance of power, law is impotent, because the international community has yet to create effective mechanisms of implementation. However, the breach does not abrogate international law, which remains in force until a future time when it is vindicated by the political will of governments and by people power.
“Since the adoption of the 1961 Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations, the United States has committed multiple violations of its provisions. Normally such violations would lead to international adjudication and the obligation to make reparation to the injured State. The outrageous behavior of the United States with regard to the Venezuelan embassy in Washington violates the Vienna Convention, to which the United States is bound, and which has served United States interests in the past, when the premises of U.S. embassies and consulates have been targets of terrorism and/or illegal occupation.
“As the Venezuelan government has demanded, the United States must comply with the Convention, protect the Venezuelan diplomatic premises and respect the human rights of the activists who protect the building with authorization from the Venezuelan government.”
When on 4 November 1979 Iranian students and militants occupied the U.S. embassy, the U.S. promptly brought a case before the International Court of Justice in The Hague, invoking the Optional Protocol to the Vienna Convention, which refers disputes on its application to the World Court.
The U.S. also requested the indication of provisional measures of protection, which the Court granted, holding that there was no more fundamental prerequisite for relations between States than the inviolability of diplomatic premises, and demanding the immediate restoration to the United States of the embassy premises.
In its decision on the merits of the case, the Court, in its Judgment of 24 May 1980, found that Iran had violated and was still violating obligations owed by it to the United States, that the violation of these obligations engaged Iranian responsibility, and that Iran was bound to make reparation for the injury caused to the United States.
“The current situation concerning the Venezuelan embassy in Washington justifies adjudication by the Court, but in 1986 President Reagan withdrew U.S. recognition of the Court’s automatic jurisdiction, and in 2018 President Trump denounced the Optional Protocol to the Vienna Convention, precisely to be able to violate it with impunity, without fearing the inconvenience of having to appear in The Hague and defend the indefensible.
“Article 45 stipulates:”‘1. If diplomatic relations are broken off between two States … (a) The receiving State must … respect and protect the premises of the mission, together with its property and archives. …“Article 22 of the Convention stipulates:
‘1. The premises of the mission shall be inviolable. The agents of the receiving State [United States] may not enter them, except with the consent of the head of the mission.
‘2. The receiving State is under a special duty to take all appropriate steps to protect the premises of the mission against any intrusion or damage and to prevent any disturbance of the peace of the mission or impairment of its dignity.
‘3. The premises of the mission, their furnishings and other property thereon and the means of transport of the mission shall be immune from search, requisition, attachment or execution.’
‘”The legal situation is therefore clear. But since an adjudication by the International Court of Justice is no longer possible following the unilateral withdrawals by the United States, it is up to the international community to defend the Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations and to demand that the United States respect it. Also the United Nations Secretary General and the United Nations General Assembly could make public statements and adopt resolutions reminding the United States that it is not exempt from the application of customary international law, the UN Charter and the Vienna Convention.
“Jesse Jackson and the many volunteers in the Venezuelan embassy have demonstrated that people power can reaffirm human rights and hold — even if only temporarily — against abuse of power by governments. It is now for the media to fulfill its obligation to inform the people about the facts and to condemn obvious violations of the international order.”
See recent statement from the Embassy Protection Collective on resolving the conflict at PopularResistance.org. Background: Institute for Public Accuracy news release: “At Venezuelan Embassy: U.S. Government Ignoring Vienna Convention, ‘Facilitating Right-Wing Mob’s Illegal Acts.'”
Alfred de Zayas was the first UN rapporteur (independent expert) to visit and report from Venezuela in 21 years.
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